CSS for beginners 101

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets, is a style sheet language used to improve or format the look and feel of a markup document or website. It is mainly used to format web pages by adding style using different fonts, colors etc. The basic rule while designing a web page should be to use html for the content and CSS for presentation. Like HTML, CSS is also a very simple and easy to learn language.

There are two ways of using a css code within a markup document, direct and indirect usage. In the direct implementation method the css code can be used within the document for example,

<style type="text/css">
CSS codes can be inserted here.
</style>

This code can be inserted between the <head> tab of an html document.

In the indirect implementation approach, the css is written on a separate style sheet and calling it through the html document. For example
The HTML document:

<html>
<head>
<link rel =”stylesheet”
type=”text/css”
href=”test.css” /> indirectly calling the CSS test.css
</head>
</html>

The test CSS is separate,

#brighthub {
color:#006699;
font-size:15px;
font-weight:bold;
}

Here the actual styling elements are held between the curly braces ({}).

Some of the basic useful CSS properties are listed below,

Color Properties: It is used to specify the text and background color and is used in the hexadecimal color codes.

Black – #000000
Red – #FF0000
Blue – #0000FF

Image Properties: It is used to insert an image in to the markup document.

Background image: url (location of the image)
Background position: vertical (top, center, bottom) horizontal (left, right, center)
Background Attachment: scroll or fixed
Font Properties: It is used to define differ font styles that can be used within a document.

It uses the syntax, font: style weight size family;
Where,


Font-family: times, arial, serifs; etc.
Font Style: Italic;
Font weight: bold, light, 100-900;
Font size: size;

Text Properties: It is used to define the text property used within the document.

Text-align: right, left, center.
Text-Decoration: none or underline
Text-Transform- capitalize;

Border Properties: Used to style the document border.

Border Width: thin, medium, thick
Border style: none, hidden, dotted, dashed, groove etc
Border color: color

List Properties: It helps to set different list item markers for ordered and unordered lists,

The syntax is, ul { type position image}


List-style-type: none, disc, circle, square etc.
List- style-position: inside or outside
List- style-image: url (location of the image)

The above examples are just tip of the iceberg, for those of who are interested in knowing and learning the language there will be more articles on CSS. In the meantime use the list of sites below in order to gain more knowledge about the language. It is essential that you practice practice and more practice in order to gain a full grasp of the language. Here are the sites:
www.w3schools.com/css
www.csstutorial.net
www.html.net/tutorials/css
www.tizag.com/cssT

The knowledge of CSS together with a markup language is essential in order to create and design a web page. It’s not just content that attracts visitors to your web site, the look and feel of the web page also matters equally. What do you think?

The biggest myth about computers

Technology has become an integral part of our lives, and one of the most important inventions of the modern day is a computer. It comes in various shapes and sizes and is being used right from a grocery store to a hi-tech scientific laboratory.

A fast computer helps in increasing the productivity and makes life much easier. A very big myth is that a computer gets slow as it gets old, this is wrong. A computer as all other machines needs to be tweaked and tuned regularly and can tend to work without giving you any trouble for years and years. So, how can you get the most out of your computer?

A computer can be kept healthy by just maintaining a few simple thumb rules like,

  • Uninstall unwanted software.
  • Remove programs from the startup menu (using the msconfig.exe command) Be careful here, if you don’t know what you are doing, you could so some serious damage to your computer. Consult one of our remote agents for assistance.
  • Increase your virtual memory size by cleaning up the hard drives.
  • Defragment your hard drives on a regular basis.
  • Transfer unwanted data on to removable media.

There are also various other reasons apart from hardware failures for a computer’s deteriorating performance and in majority of the cases it is because of spyware and viruses. Spyware and viruses are nothing but small programs, that tend to attack a computer and consume its memory and cpu resources and thus affecting computer performance.

Majority of these programs are harmless but some can go to the extent of crashing your machine by wiping off the data from a hard disk drive. If your computer is connected to the internet then there is 90% of risk that your computer gets attacked by viruses. So how do you keep it safe from these attacks? This is a question asked by millions of computer users in the world. Below are three ways to help keep at bay harmful programs away from your system.

  • Anti Virus: As the name suggests, it is a software that is used to keep your computer safe from viruses and other malicious programs. Basically it is a utility that searches the hard drive and other media attached to the computer for viruses and deletes the program or quarantines it so that it cannot cause any harm to the data. The software needs to be updated regularly and most of them come with an auto update feature. Some of the well known anti virus softwares are Norton, Mc Afee, Panda, Avast, Avg.
  • Personal Firewalls: If you computer contains highly confidential and private data then this is a software you need to definitely have installed on your machine. Firewalls act as a barrier between the computer and the outside network (LAN, internet etc.). It controls the traffic to and from the machine based on security policies that could be predefined or user defined. The software helps in detecting and avoiding intrusions in to your system.
  • Anti Spyware & ad-ware: Spywares and adwares, like virus are malicious programs. When installed on a machine it collects information and personal user data. They are a lot more difficult to detect and can also be termed as a privacy invasion software.
Fin

Along with the above software one also has to keep the computer in a good condition by regularly dusting and cleaning it. Also making use of the operating system tools like disk defragmenter, disk cleaner etc helps a great deal to increase the performance of the system.

Four things you can do to speed up your computer

You should not have to compromise when it comes to speed. When it comes to computers, the faster the better. Like many things in life they too become slow as time goes on.

Basically, the more files you build up and eat up the hard drive the harder it becomes for your computer to index the information for faster processing. What that means is that it becomes harder for your computer to find what you are looking for. But there is always a remedy for any computer problem. There is nothing that can’t be fixed.

7200 versus 5400

These are the two speeds you can currently get a hard drive in. You can get them in either 7200rpm or 5400rpm. Guess which one is faster? Before answering that, let me first explain what rmp stands for. RPM stands for revolutions per minute. It is how fast the hard drive spins per minute. The answer is too obvious now. So one thing you can do ahead of time when buying a hard drive is to get one with a fast revolution per minute. The faster it spins the faster your data is processed. But keep in mind this alone will not make a huge difference although it plays a part. There is more to be done.

Disk Cleanup

Keeping your disk healthy is essential. You don’t want your hard drive to get so stuffed up with unnecessary information that it starts to run slow. So, run the disk clean up utility at least once a month. I recommend once every two weeks but once a month for light users is fine. It cleans up all the unnecessary files stored in your computer like post set up files, temporary internet files, compressed old files and more. It is already built into every windows operating system. Make use of it.

Disk Defragmenter

This utility is also already built into windows operating system. What does it do? It physically organizes your mass storage device i.e hard drive and stores its content into as small regions as possible. Think of it this way, is it harder to find a friend in a large crowd (lots of files) or in a smaller crowd (smaller organized files) i.e fragment. Not only that, it tries to keep files in similar directory if possible that way they are easier to find and thus increase the speed of your computer.

Memory and more memory

You can do all of the things I list above but were you will see a significant difference is in a memory upgrade. Memory upgrades can bring a old computer back to life. A memory upgrade is perhaps one of the most important thing you can do for your computer; however, it is not the only important thing. When it is coupled with the list above, your computer will run like nobodies business.

Fin

All of these steps work together. Together is always better than alone. Computers have become essential to daily life. They are as important as automobiles so when you go to get that tune for your care next time, think of your computer too. You will only get from it what you put into it. Of course these are not the only things you can do to speed up your computer but I am curious what do you do to get a little speed out of your pc?

How to uninstall a computer motherboard

In this video I show you what you need to do if you have to uninstall your motherboard or mobo as we call it. Mobo failures can be caused by a number of reasons. The most common one I have seen in my years as a Computer Technician is electrical problems and storms. These are not the only reasons a mobo can go bad however. But let’s hope your motherboard never gives out on you. It can be a tedious process replacing it. Especially on Micro ATX systems. But if it does, here is a video for you on how to take it out.

While uninstalling the motherboard just make sure you take not of where everything is plugged in otherwise you might run into some problems with your computer. The easiest way to remember is to take not of the colors of where things plug into. Easy isn’t it?

What is a motherboard?

Without it you don’t have a computer. Nothing in your computer will be functional without a motherboard. A common tech name for a motherboard is “mobo”. It is the heart of your computer that causes the rest of the parts in your computer to work. However, your motherboard cannot turn on without a power supply and without a motherboard your power supply is useless. But the power supply will be covered in another article.

In this article, I want to focus on the component that everything plugs into in your computer. The definition of a motherboard (or again, “mobo”) cannot be more clear than that; if it is not plugged into the motherboard, it will not work. The picture below is that of a motherboard.

mobo

It is arguably the most important component in a computer. However, every component in a computer is very important. It would be a mistake to think otherwise. And all components serve different purpose in a unifying way that makes a computer what it is; and because there are different manufacturers, there are different form factors. Form factor is just a geeky word for a different type or the “physical size” that works with the same but different type of components based on their size.

Here is the break down.
Form factors
There is the ATX, which basically means, if you buy a motherboard that is in the ATX form factor, your case and power supply must match that form factor. ATX is the most popular.
The Micro ATX, it’s just a smaller version of the ATX form factor. However, ATX cases have been known to accommodate Micro ATX mobos.
Full AT and Slimline form factors were the old form factors still used however.

As if figuring out what form factor your computer uses wasn’t enough trouble, you might find it more of a challenge deciding if you want a AMD based or an Intel motherboard before you want to switch out motherboards in case it goes bad. But never fear, that is why there are PC Technician to worry about that stuff for you.

There is not really much else I can say about the motherboard. It is an essential component in the PC. If it fails or starts to cause trouble, it is best to just replace it. When doing so, beware of the form factor that it uses. Knowing that simple fact can save you a lot of trouble at your local tech store. If all else fails, log on and ask us.

Do you know your motherboard form factor? What would you like to know about computers but don’t have the time for the study?

The computer: a brief history (part one)

In there is little you can do nowadays without a computer. We have allowed computers to take over the world. So like any fight, if you can’t beat them join them.

Unless you choose to live like Henry David Thoreau in Walden, I suggest you join the movement because it is not going anywhere. But how did we come about depending on computers for almost every single part of our lives? How did all this happen?

In this article, I trace the history of computers back to 1936. I wanted to find out who is the real inventor of the computer system. Perhaps the most important thing I found was that the computer was not invented by one man or woman. It took time and many people throughout the world played role that contributed in the invention of the modern computer. Let’s take a look.

pc_history
Konrad Zuse invents the Z1. A computer like device he made so that he can stop repetitive mathematical calculations. The first programmable device. David Parkard and Hewlett created the 200A audio oscillator. It was used for sound effects by Disney. And (HP) Hewlett Parkard was formed in a garage in Palo Alto, California. Dr. George Stibitz invented the complex calculator (CNC) at Bell Labs. Konrad Zuse finishes the Z3 computer.
history
ABC computer completed at Iowa State college (now University) by a graduate student who was later declared the father of the basic computer. MIT creates flight simulator for WWII and Bell Labs George Stibitz creates the Relay Interpolator. IBM creates the largest electronic calculator ever built. John Von Neuman writes computer architecture manual. Grace Hopper writes first compiler. Konrad Zuse begins writing first algorithmic programming language.
history
ENIAC’s first machine that was much more improved than others. Sir Frederick Williams sets standard for RAM (Random access memory). IBM’s sequence calculator computes scientific data. Cambridge University’s Maurice Wilke presents stored-program computer.
history
ERA 1101 sells computers to U.S Navy. England’s reliable operating system running 35 hours a week. Nixdorf Corporation formed. MIT installs core memory on computers. IBM ships out computer units for sale.
history
IBM starts selling it’s 12,500rpm machine. AT&T and Bell announce first full transistored computer. MIT’s first general purpose programmable computer. Fortran programming language introduced by IBM.

As the years went on and many discoveries were being made, these developments peeked the interests of many sole called geeks. As a result, the computer industry developed very fast. Today the same progress continues as technology doubles every 18 months.

That is the first part of our long yet so short computer history. The next article will pick up from 1958.
Sources:

Computerhistory
The Great Geek Manual
Wikipedia
IBM History Archives
Computerhistory
rtd-net.de